含有溶洞的复杂地层定向钻穿越技术措施研究及应用

作者：杨明

单位：中油管道建设工程有限公司，廊坊 065000

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中文摘要：含有溶洞、卵砾石的硬岩地层定向钻施工难度很大，施工风险高，成本不可控。结合粤北岩溶发育地区的北江定向 钻工程，针对溶洞造成漏浆、大块儿卵石和孤石造成套管变形、钻具磨损严重造成卡钻等问题展开研究，通过更换套管材质、 改造加固切屑环，提高了套管夯进速度；将导向孔对穿改为单穿、优化施工曲线、提前调整控向角度，保障导向孔曲线平 缓顺滑；通过调整泥浆性能，保证泥浆良好剪切稀释性、触变性、抗钙侵能力，提升泥浆的携带性、护壁性和泥浆回流速度； 同时对岩石扩孔器尾部进行锥形改造，对桶式扩孔器进行螺旋式锥形改造，保证钻具可进可退，顺利通过溶洞和软硬交界面。 以上一系列技术创新措施在现场应用后，解决了制约工程进展的诸多技术难题，保证了工程一次性回拖成功。

中文关键词：定向钻；溶洞；卵砾石；夯管；泥浆；人工智能

英文摘要：Directional drilling in hard rock formations containing caves and pebbles is very difficult，risky and costly. This paper studies the Beijiang directional drilling project in the karst development area of northern Guangdong，focusing on problems such as leakage caused by karst caves，deformation of casing caused by large pebbles and boulders，and stuck drill caused by severe wear of drill tools. By changing the casing material and modifying and reinforcing the chip ring，the casing ramming speed has been increased; The guide hole was changed from through-through to single-through，the construction curve was optimized，and the control Angle was adjusted in advance to ensure the smooth curve of the guide hole; By adjusting the performance of the mud，ensure good shear dilutability，thixotropy and calcium resistance of the mud，and improve the carrying capacity，wall protection and mud return speed of the mud; At the same time，the tail of the rock reamer was conical and the barrel reamer was helical conical to ensure that the drill tools could move in and out，and smoothly pass through the cave and the soft and hard interface. The above series of technological innovations，after being applied on site，solved many technical problems that restricted the progress of the project and ensured the successful one-time towing of the project.

英文关键词：Directional drilling; Cave; Egg gravel; Pipe ramming; Mud; Artificial intelligence